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Volume 7 (1); January 25, 2017 [Booklet]


Research Paper

Culling in dairy cattle farms of Khartoum, Sudan.

Karrar MH, Osman KhM, Sulieman MS.

Online J. Anim. Feed Res., 7(1): 01-08, 2017; pii: S222877011700001-7

Abstract
The study aimed to determine the causes and rates of voluntary and involuntary culling in dairy cattle farms in relation to some management factors in five dairy cattle farms with an average farm size of 264.8±153.1 cow/farm in Khartoum State over one year. Monthly visits were performed to each farm to collect data either by reviewing the farm records or directly from animal owners or attendants.  The overall culling rate was 15.0% (71.8% voluntary and 28.2% involuntary). The most common causes of voluntary culling were economic reasons (29.1%), low milk yield (23.0%) and aging (19.7%). The common causes of involuntary culling were infertility (17.7%), chronic mastitis (8.5%) and foot injuries (2.0%). In farms where the veterinary supervision was practiced, the overall culling rate (26.4%) was higher than the rate (11.3%) in farms which did not. The highest culling rate (41.9%) where the veterinary supervision was practiced was due to aging, whereas, where the veterinary supervision was not practiced, economic reasons (38.9%) were prevailing. In farms where houses were constructed from fixed materials with adequate shade, the overall culling rate was 13.6% and almost due to low milk yield (35.5%). However, in farms where houses were constructed from local materials the overall culling rate was 17.7% with prevalent culling rate due to economic reasons (53%). In farms where feed was provided from expert companies, the most culling cases were due to economic reasons (53%) whereas when using feed which was prepared within the farm, the most cause of culling was low milk yield (35.5%). it can be concluded that the voluntary culling was the most prevalent type of culling in dairy cattle farms and animals mostly culled for economic reasons.
Key words: Voluntary and Involuntary Culling, Dairy Cattle, Khartoum, Sudan

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Research Paper

Epidemiological investigation on outbreak of brucellosis at private dairy farms of Sindh, Pakistan. 

Yousaf A, Abbas M, Laghari RA, Hassan J, Rubab F, Jamil T, Haider I, Abbas U, BiBi N.

Online J. Anim. Feed Res., 7(1): 09-12, 2017; pii: S222877011700001-7

Abstract

Brucellosis is one of the drastic diseases of zoonotic significance. Brucellosis is a global challenge not limited to Asia. As a result, economic losses are escalating due to the burden posed by Brucellosis in the investigated area. The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis in cattle and buffaloes of Sindh, Pakistan. Blood samples were collected from (n=1200) animals (dairy cattle and buffaloes) of different age (2-7 years) and sex from 10 different districts of Sindh, Pakistan where no vaccination against brucellosis is practiced and were subjected to indirect ELISA for detection of Brucella antibodies. The overall mean prevalence was 18.16% with prevalence in unorganized is higher organized farms. In absence of any vaccination presence of circulating antibodies against Brucella in all age group of animals indicated the natural circulation of infection in the state. Based on the findings, the disease is seems to be endemic in the area, perhaps, due to partial or no vaccination. Also, the area presents poor bio-security measures and management. It is therefore, warranted to adopt good surveillance system for early identification of the brucellosis outbreak and appropriate measure for further control transmission of the brucellosis. Study indicated an urgent need of policy for prevention and control of brucellosis in dairy animals.
Keywords: Brucellosis, Prevalence, Privet dairy farms, Bio Security, Sindh

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Research Paper

Effect of age wise incubation programme on broiler breeder hatchability and post hatch performance.

Jabbar A., Yousaf A.

Online J. Anim. Feed Res., 7(1): 13-17, 2017; pii: S222877011700003-7

Abstract

Temperature and humidity are most important environmental factors during incubation. The age of birds affect the eggs, its internal as well as external quality, that’s why dissimilar conditions require for incubation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age wise incubation profile on hatchability and chick’s performance. For this experiment, eggs were collected from Ross-308 breeders which were divided into four groups according to the age of breeders having equal number of eggs in all groups (n=538560 eggs). Group A (Young, 24-31 weeks), B (Prime, 32-50 weeks), C (Old, 50+weeks) and D (control). For groups, A, B and C duration of incubation in setter machine was 456 hours (19th day) while for D (control), incubator duration was 449 hours (18.7 days). Fertility of eggs were performed through candling and shifted to hatchers for next 50 hours for A, B and C while 56 hours for D. Group B was significantly better  (P< 0.05)  as compare to A in term of hatchability. Candling was significantly better for group B (P< 0.05) than C. Group C was significantly (P< 0.05) better for candling than A and D which contain same candling i.e. A and D. ...view pdf.

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Research Paper

Effect of dietary feed additives on haematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. 

Alonge EO, Eruvbetine D, Idowu OMO, Obadina AO, Olukomaiya OO.

Online J. Anim. Feed Res., 7(1): 18-23, 2016; pii: S222877011700004-7

Abstract

The effect of dietary feed additives on haematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens was evaluated. 180 day-old Arbor acre broiler chicks were weighed and randomly allotted to five dietary treatments with 3 replicates of 12 birds each. Broiler starter diet (2855.7 kcal/kg ME; 23.01%) and finisher diet (2911 kcal/kg; 20.71% CP) were formulated. Dietary treatments were control diet (basal diet without additives), OXYT diet (basal diet with oxytetracycline at 600 ppm as antibiotic, GRO-UP diet (basal diet with probiotic at 500 ppm), MOS-500 diet (basal diet with  mannan oligosaccharide at 500 ppm) and MOS-1000 diet (basal diet with mannan oligosaccharide at 1000 ppm). Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. At the end of weeks 4 and 8, blood samples were collected and analyzed. The haematological and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens fed diets containing feed additives at the starter phase were not statistically significant (P> 0.05). At the finisher phase, there were no significant (P> 0.05) differences in all the parameters measured except in the heterophils and eosinophils where birds fed the control diets had the lowest value among all treatments. Serum globulin values were significantly (P< 0.05) different as birds fed diets containing OXYT (antibiotics) recorded the lowest value among all treatments. The inclusion of prebiotics and probiotics in the diets of broiler chickens elicited no adverse effect on haematological and serum biochemical parameters, thus, they can be used as replacement for antibiotics.
Keywords: Haematology, Serum Biochemistry, Broiler Chickens, Prebiotics, Probiotics 

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